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IR Spectrometers

IR Spectrometers

There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...

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Biomolecular Detection employing the Interferometric Reflectance Imaging Sensor (IRIS)

Biomolecular Detection employing the Interferometric Reflectance Imaging Sensor (IRIS)

Published on: May 3, 2011

Deep Impact observations by OSIRIS onboard the Rosetta spacecraft.

Horst Uwe Keller¹, Laurent Jorda, Michael Küppers

¹Max-Planck Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Max-Planck-Strasse 2, 37191 Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany. keller@mps.mpg.de

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|September 10, 2005

Summary

The OSIRIS cameras observed comet 9P/Tempel 1, finding a slightly enhanced cyanide-to-water ratio post-impact. Dust outflow accelerated by gas suggests changes in cometary activity.

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Biomolecular Detection employing the Interferometric Reflectance Imaging Sensor (IRIS)

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Scattering And Absorption of Light in Planetary Regoliths

Scattering And Absorption of Light in Planetary Regoliths

Published on: July 1, 2019

Area of Science:

* Cometary Science
* Planetary Science
* Astrophysics

Background:

* The European Space Agency's Rosetta spacecraft, equipped with the OSIRIS cameras, conducted observations of comet 9P/Tempel 1.
* Observations occurred over 17 days, coinciding with NASA's Deep Impact mission, providing a unique opportunity to study cometary response to impact.

Purpose of the Study:

* To analyze the composition and dynamics of comet 9P/Tempel 1's coma and dust environment before, during, and after the Deep Impact event.
* To investigate changes in gas and dust production ratios and outflow velocities in response to the artificial impact.

Main Methods:

* Continuous observation of comet 9P/Tempel 1 using the OSIRIS (optical, spectroscopic, and infrared remote imaging system) cameras.
* Analysis of cyanide-to-water production ratios and dust outflow characteristics within the impact-generated cloud and surrounding coma.

Main Results:

* A slight enhancement in the cyanide-to-water production ratio was detected in the impact cloud compared to normal cometary activity.
* Dust particles exhibited outward flow exceeding 160 meters per second, driven by gas acceleration.
* A dip in the brightness increase slope was observed approximately 200 seconds post-impact.
* Dust Afrho values indicated a slight decrease in overall cometary activity before and long after the impact.
* The dust-to-water mass ratio was significantly greater than 1.

Conclusions:

* The Deep Impact event caused localized changes in cometary gas composition, specifically a transient increase in the cyanide-to-water ratio.
* Gas dynamics play a crucial role in accelerating dust particles away from the nucleus.
* The observed changes in dust activity suggest a complex and potentially sensitive response of comets to external stimuli.