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Related Concept Videos

Global Climate Change01:50

Global Climate Change

Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
Acceleration due to Gravity on Earth01:21

Acceleration due to Gravity on Earth

According to Newton's law of gravitation, the gravitational force on a body is proportional to its mass. According to Newton's second law of motion, the acceleration produced by an external force is inversely proportional to the force. Hence, the acceleration of an object under an external force of gravitation is independent of its mass.
The acceleration of an object close to the Earth, because of the Earth's gravitational pull, is called the acceleration due to gravity. It is always directed...
Acceleration due to Gravity on Earth00:55

Acceleration due to Gravity on Earth

Newton's second law is closely related to his first law of motion. It mathematically gives the cause-and-effect relationship between force and changes in motion. Newton's second law is quantitative and is used extensively to calculate what happens in situations involving a force. All external forces acting on a system add together to produce a net force Fnet. A larger net external force produces a larger acceleration. This acceleration is directly proportional to, and in the same direction as,...
Influence of Earth's Curvature and Atmospheric Refraction on Leveling01:26

Influence of Earth's Curvature and Atmospheric Refraction on Leveling

During leveling, the Earth's curvature and atmospheric refraction introduce deviations in the line of sight from a true horizontal reference. When the line of sight is leveled, it remains perpendicular to the plumb line only at a single point. Beyond this, it deviates due to the Earth’s curvature, represented by the correction C. For a sight distance D, the deviation can be derived using the relationship:This relationship shows that the deviation increases quadratically with distance. Over a...
Field Application of Global Positioning System01:28

Field Application of Global Positioning System

The Global Positioning System (GPS) has become an indispensable tool in fieldwork, offering unparalleled precision and efficiency for surveying, navigation, and infrastructure development. By harnessing signals from a constellation of satellites, GPS receivers determine the location of objects with remarkable speed and accuracy, often completing calculations within a second.Advantages of Modern GPS TechnologyContemporary GPS receivers are designed to meet the practical demands of field...
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Types of Global Positioning System Surveys

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Surface Mapping of Earth-like Exoplanets using Single Point Light Curves
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Published on: May 10, 2020

Deep Impact: observations from a worldwide Earth-based campaign.

K J Meech1, N Ageorges, M F A'Hearn

  • 1Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|September 10, 2005
PubMed
Summary

The Deep Impact mission revealed new, distinct materials ejected from comet 9P/Tempel 1 after collision. Comet activity returned to normal within days, showing transient phenomena possibly linked to cratering.

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Area of Science:

  • Planetary Science
  • Cometary Science
  • Astrophysics

Background:

  • Comets provide insights into the early solar system.
  • Understanding cometary composition and activity is crucial for planetary science.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the composition and behavior of comet 9P/Tempel 1 following the Deep Impact mission.
  • To investigate the ejecta and transient phenomena resulting from the impact.

Main Methods:

  • Coordinated observational campaign by global and space-based observatories.
  • Analysis of data collected before, during, and after the Deep Impact collision.

Main Results:

  • Discovery of new ejected material compositionally different from pre-impact material.
  • Significantly higher dust-to-gas mass ratio in ejecta compared to pre-impact levels.
  • Cometary activity returned to baseline levels within five days post-impact.
  • Observation of transient phenomena potentially related to cratering physics.

Conclusions:

  • The Deep Impact collision provided unique data on cometary response to impact.
  • Cometary ejecta composition and activity dynamics were significantly altered temporarily.
  • Transient phenomena observed may offer insights into impact cratering processes on small bodies.