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Surface runoff water quality in a managed three zone riparian buffer.

Richard Lowrance1, Joseph M Sheridan

  • 1Southeast Watershed Research Lab., 2379 Rainwater Road, Tifton, GA 31794, USA. Lorenz@tifton.usda.gov

Journal of Environmental Quality
|September 10, 2005
PubMed
Summary
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Managed forest and grass buffers effectively reduce nutrient runoff. The grass buffer zone significantly decreased flow and nutrient loads, demonstrating their value in conservation practices for improved water quality.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Water Quality Management
  • Forestry and Ecology

Background:

  • Managed riparian forest buffers are crucial for conservation, yet data on their water quality impacts are limited.
  • Understanding buffer management effects is essential for optimizing water quality protection strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the water quality effects of different riparian buffer management practices.
  • To assess the efficacy of grass strips and managed forests in reducing nutrient loads from agricultural runoff.

Main Methods:

  • Surface runoff volumes, nutrient concentrations, and loads were measured across a buffer system including grass strips and managed forests (clear-cut, thinned, mature).
  • Flow-weighted concentrations and loads were compared between field output and different buffer zones.

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Main Results:

  • Mature forests showed significantly lower concentrations of nitrate, ammonium, TKN, total N, DMRP, total P, and chloride.
  • The grass buffer zone achieved the largest nutrient load reduction (at least 65%) due to a significant decrease in flow (68%).
  • The combined grass and managed forest buffer system proved effective in reducing overall nutrient loadings.

Conclusions:

  • Riparian forest buffer management, particularly incorporating grass strips, significantly improves water quality by reducing nutrient loads.
  • Both grass and managed forest buffer components contribute to nutrient reduction, with grass strips being highly effective at initial flow and load reduction.
  • The study confirms the effectiveness of a combined managed forest and grass buffer system for water quality protection.