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Greater than predicted decrease in resting energy expenditure with age: cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence.

G Alfonzo-González1, E Doucet, C Bouchard

  • 1Division of Kinesiology, Laval University, Sainte-Foy, Québec, Canada.

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
|September 10, 2005
PubMed
Summary
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The age-related decline in resting energy expenditure (REE) is more significant than body composition changes predict. This metabolic slowdown can be substantial, impacting overall energy needs.

Area of Science:

  • Metabolism and aging research
  • Human physiology
  • Body composition analysis

Background:

  • Resting energy expenditure (REE) declines with age.
  • Body composition changes, such as decreased fat-free mass, are known to influence REE.
  • The extent to which body composition variations explain age-related REE decline requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether age-related decreases in resting energy expenditure (REE) are solely explained by changes in body composition.
  • To quantify the discrepancy between predicted and actual REE in different age groups over time.

Main Methods:

  • Two studies were conducted: Study 1 used cross-sectional data (627 adults, 20-70 years) and Study 2 used longitudinal data (191 adults, 6-year follow-up).
  • Body composition (fat mass, fat-free mass) was measured using hydrodensitometry.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Reference regressions based on body composition were used to predict REE and compare it with measured REE across age groups and over time.

    • Main Results:

    • In Study 1, measured REE was significantly lower than predicted REE, with deficits increasing with age (e.g., 636 kJ/day lower at 64 years).
    • In Study 2, significant deviations from predicted REE were observed after 6 years, particularly in young men (-548 kJ/day) and older women (-720 kJ/day).
    • These findings indicate that factors beyond body composition contribute to the age-related decline in REE.

    Conclusions:

    • Aging is associated with a decrease in resting energy expenditure (REE) that is not fully accounted for by changes in body composition.
    • This unexplained decline in REE can be substantial, potentially ranging from 500-800 kJ/day.
    • Further research is needed to identify the physiological mechanisms driving this age-related metabolic slowdown.