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Absolute temperature, temperature changes and stroke risk: a case-crossover study.

C Kyobutungi1, A Grau, G Stieglbauer

  • 1Department of Tropical Hygiene and Public Health, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.

European Journal of Epidemiology
|September 10, 2005
PubMed
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Sudden large temperature changes, both increases and decreases, may elevate ischemic stroke risk. This study found no link with ambient temperature but significant risk with daily temperature fluctuations exceeding 5 degrees C.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Environmental Health
  • Cardiovascular Epidemiology

Background:

  • Weather patterns, particularly temperature shifts, are increasingly recognized as potential environmental triggers for ischemic stroke.
  • Mechanisms may involve alterations in blood viscosity or the exacerbation of infections due to temperature changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between acute ischemic stroke risk and variations in ambient temperature.
  • To determine if sudden changes in daily maximum temperature influence stroke incidence.

Main Methods:

  • A case-crossover study design was employed, including 303 patients admitted for ischemic stroke.
  • Exposure was assessed using ambient maximum temperature and the 24-hour difference in maximum temperature.
  • Control periods were matched to case periods (stroke onset) to account for individual characteristics.

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Main Results:

  • No significant association was found between ambient maximum temperature and ischemic stroke risk.
  • Large daily temperature differences (greater than 5 degrees C) were associated with an increased risk of acute ischemic stroke.
  • The odds ratio for temperature increases >5 degrees C was 2.0 (95% CI: 0.7-5.9) at a 3-day lag time.

Conclusions:

  • Significant day-to-day temperature variations, irrespective of direction, may be a risk factor for ischemic stroke.
  • The findings suggest that abrupt weather shifts, not just absolute temperature, warrant consideration in stroke risk assessment.