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Related Experiment Videos

Physiological adaptations to velocity-controlled resistance training.

G J Bell1, H A Wenger

  • 1Department of Physical Education and Sport Studies, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.

Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)
|April 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary

Skeletal muscle force decreases as shortening velocity increases. Training at specific speeds enhances strength at that speed and can improve performance across a range of velocities, with broader health benefits.

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Biomechanics
  • Skeletal Muscle Physiology

Background:

  • Skeletal muscle exhibits an inverse relationship between maximal force and velocity of shortening.
  • This force-velocity relationship is fundamental to muscle function and performance.
  • Previous research has established this relationship in various muscle preparations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the physiological adaptations to resistance training at different velocities.
  • To investigate the specificity and transfer of strength gains.
  • To examine the broader physiological and clinical implications of velocity-specific training.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized isokinetic dynamometry to assess skeletal muscle force-velocity characteristics.
  • Compared physiological adaptations resulting from training at distinct angular velocities.

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  • Included analysis of torque, power, maximal oxygen consumption, anaerobic power, and muscle morphology.

    • Main Results:

    • Training adaptations, including torque and power increases, were most pronounced at or near the training velocity.
    • Intermediate velocity resistance training demonstrated a transfer of torque gains to both slower and faster angular velocities.
    • Circuit training led to improvements in maximal oxygen consumption and cardiac output.
    • Significant increases in anaerobic power output, skeletal muscle size, and myofibrillar ATPase activity were observed.

    Conclusions:

    • Velocity-specific resistance training induces targeted physiological adaptations in skeletal muscle.
    • Training at intermediate velocities offers benefits across a broader range of movement speeds.
    • This training modality has potential applications in rehabilitation for various patient populations, including those with musculoskeletal injuries and post-coronary conditions.