Polynitrosated polyesters: preparation, characterization, and potential use for topical nitric oxide release

New nitric oxide (NO) donor macromolecules, containing multiple S-nitrosothiol (S-NO) groups covalently attached to the polymer backbone, were prepared through the polycondensation reaction of diols (ethylene glycol and poly(ethylene glycol)) with mercaptosuccinic acid, followed by the S-nitrosation of the SH groups by a gaseous NO/O2 mixture. The polynitrosated polyesters (PNPEs) obtained were characterized by IR spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography and displayed biological activity as vasodilators, leading to local hyperaemia when applied topically on healthy skin. Kinetic measurements in either dry or aqueous conditions have shown that PNPEs can provide sustained NO release for more than 20 h at physiological temperature. Their increased viscosity at low temperatures greatly reduces the rate of NO release, allowing for their storage for more than 90 days at -20 degrees C without decomposition. These results indicate that PNPEs have potential for topical delivery of NO in biomedical applications.