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Diversity and evolution of protein translocation
Mechthild Pohlschröder1, Enno Hartmann, Nicholas J Hand
1Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. pohlschr@sas.upenn.edu
Annual Review of Microbiology
|September 13, 2005
Summary
Cellular protein translocation across membranes, essential for cell function, relies on specialized pathways and proteins like YidC/Oxa1/Alb3, Sec, and Tat. This review examines their distribution and evolution across life.
Area of Science:
- Molecular Biology
- Cell Biology
- Evolutionary Biology
Background:
- Protein translocation across hydrophobic membranes is crucial for cellular function and interaction with the extracellular environment.
- While some proteins insert spontaneously, most require cellular machinery for efficient transport.
- Key components include the YidC/Oxa1/Alb3 proteins and the Sec and Tat pathways.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the function and distribution of protein translocation machinery across all three domains of life (Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya).
- To discuss the evolutionary history and diversification of protein translocation pathways.
Main Methods:
- Literature review and comparative analysis of protein translocation systems.
- Examination of conserved and divergent features of protein translocation components and pathways.
Main Results:
- Detailed overview of the YidC/Oxa1/Alb3, Sec, and Tat pathways in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
- Identification of conserved elements and unique adaptations in protein translocation across different life forms.
Conclusions:
- Protein translocation is a fundamental and highly conserved cellular process with a complex evolutionary trajectory.
- Understanding these pathways provides insights into cellular organization and the evolution of life.
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