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Updated: Aug 16, 2026

Immunostimulatory Agent Evaluation: Lymphoid Tissue Extraction and Injection Route-Dependent Dendritic Cell Activation
Published on: September 16, 2018
A novel DNA adjuvant, N3, enhances mucosal and systemic immune responses induced by HIV-1 DNA and peptide
Jorma Hinkula1, Claudia Devito, Bartek Zuber
1Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control and Microbiology and Tumorbiology Center, Karolinska Institutet, Department of Virology, SE-171 82 Stockholm, Sweden. Jorma.Hinkula@smi.ki.se
Aims:
The study was designed to evaluate a novel cationic lipid DNA adjuvant (N3) and its function for HIV-1gp160/rev DNA plasmid delivered intranasally. The primary N3/HIV-DNA plasmid immunizations were boosted intranasally with a gp41 peptide in a anionic L3 adjuvant. This novel prime-boost strategy of mucosal immunization provided a broad HIV-1 envelope specific immunity, and recognition of viruses of subtypes A, B and C.
Conclusions:
Intranasal N3-adjuvanted gp160/rev DNA prime followed by one L3-peptide boosting immunization, induced broadly neutralizing antibodies against HIV-1 in the mucosa and systemically. The needle-free intranasal prime-boost strategy using two different adjuvant formulations reduced significantly the dose of DNA needed.
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