Cardiovascular anomalies in chick embryos produced by bis-diamine in dimethylsulfoxide

N,N'-bis(dichloroacetyl)-1,8-octamethylenediamine(bis-diamin e) (100 micrograms) dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) was administered to early developing chick embryos (Hamburger-Hamilton stage 9-21) in order to clarify the teratogenic effects on the cardiovascular system and to determine whether bis-diamine interferes with the migration of neural crest cells. Of 346 cases, 154 (44.5%) survived. The incidence of cardiovascular anomalies was 149 out of 154 cases (96.8%). Infundibular ventricular septal defect, double outlet right ventricle, and persistent truncus arteriosus were the primary cardiac anomalies observed in this study. A high percentage of these anomalies were accompanied by hypoplasia of the right 6th aortic arch artery and persistent left 4th aortic arch artery. Particularly, administration of bis-diamine to chick embryos at stage 13 resulted in a high incidence of persistent truncus arteriosus (64.3%). Bis-diamine has been suspected to inhibiting the migration of neural crest cells. However, neural crest cells were observed in the tunica media of the great arteries and the truncal valves of persistent truncus arteriosus produced by bis-diamine in chimeric embryos at stage 13. Morphological changes such as cell death were not observed.