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A Treatment Package without Escape Extinction to Address Food Selectivity
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"Kids Choice" school lunch program increases children's fruit and vegetable acceptance.

Helen M Hendy1, Keith E Williams, Thomas S Camise

  • 1Psychology Program, Penn State University, Schuylkill Campus, Schuylkill Haven, PA 17972, USA. hl4@psu.edu

Appetite
|September 15, 2005
PubMed
Summary

The "Kids Choice" program successfully increased children's fruit and vegetable intake using token reinforcement. Importantly, this intervention avoided negative impacts on food preferences, unlike previous studies.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Nutrition
  • Behavioral Psychology
  • School Health Programs

Background:

  • Previous interventions to increase children's fruit and vegetable consumption sometimes led to decreased food preference (overjustification effect).
  • School lunch programs offer a setting to implement and study dietary interventions in children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of the "Kids Choice" school lunch program in increasing fruit and vegetable consumption.
  • To determine if token reinforcement in the program caused negative "overjustification effects" on children's food preferences.

Main Methods:

  • 188 children received token reinforcement for consuming assigned fruits or vegetables over 12 meals.
  • Consumption was observed, and preferences were assessed via interviews at baseline, 2 weeks, and 7 months post-intervention.

Main Results:

  • Fruit and vegetable consumption significantly increased during the reinforcement period.
  • Food preferences increased 2 weeks post-intervention but returned to baseline levels after 7 months.
  • No "overjustification effects" were observed, indicating sustained positive or neutral preference levels.

Conclusions:

  • The "Kids Choice" program effectively boosted children's fruit and vegetable intake without diminishing food preferences.
  • Ongoing school lunch programs may be necessary to maintain elevated preferences long-term.
  • Token reinforcement is a viable strategy for improving child nutrition in school settings.