Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 16, 2026

Quantification of three DNA Lesions by Mass Spectrometry and Assessment of Their Levels in Tissues of Mice Exposed to Ambient Fine Particulate Matter
Published on: May 29, 2019
[Victims of color: homicides in Greater Metropolitan São Paulo, Brazil, 2000]
Samuel Kilsztajn1, Manuela Santos Nunes do Carmo, Gustavo Toshiaki Lopes Sugahara
1Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. skil@pucsp.br
Abstract:
The objective of this paper was to analyze the homicide rate by racial/ethnic origin in Greater Metropolitan São Paulo, Brazil, after controlling for schooling, gender, and age. Based on available vital statistics for São Paulo and from the National Census, the homicide rates for blacks and non-blacks in Greater Metropolitan São Paulo in 2000 were calculated for 134 units (38 municipalities and 96 capital districts). In addition, two categories (reference and exposure) were created for each of the following death certificate socio-demographic data: race, schooling, gender, and age. The research used descriptive and logistic regression analyses. Although homicide rates were invariably higher for blacks than for non-blacks, the race variable was not statistically significant when schooling, gender, and age were controlled. The higher homicide rate for blacks in Greater Metropolitan São Paulo results from overrepresentation of blacks both among individuals with low schooling and in the young male population, the principal exposure categories for homicide.
Related Concept Videos
Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives
Albinism
Albinism is a genetic disorder that affects (completely or partially) the coloring of skin, hair, and eyes. The defect is primarily...
Color Vision
Bystander Effect
Bleeding in Fresh Concrete
Bleeding can cause several issues in the concrete structure. Sometimes, the rising water gets trapped beneath large aggregate...
Bias in Epidemiological Studies
Probability Histograms

