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Updated: Aug 16, 2026

Quantifying Acute Changes in Renal Sympathetic Nerve Activity in Response to Central Nervous System Manipulations in Anesthetized Rats
Published on: September 11, 2018
Paroxysmal sympathetic storm
Alan L Diamond1, R Charlie Callison, Jahansouz Shokri
1Department of Neurology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, USA.
Introduction:
Paroxysmal sympathetic storm (PSS) is a rare syndrome characterized by episodic hypertension, hyperhydrosis, hyperthermia, tachycardia, tachypnea, and extensor posturing.
Case Reports:
This article describes two cases of PSS: one following traumatic brain injury and the other following cardiac arrest.
Discussion:
The first responded to labetalol, morphine, and codeine, whereas the second responded to labetalol.
Conclusion:
These observations underscore the importance of central opioid receptors and nonselective beta-adrenergic antagonists in modulating catecholamine pathways.
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