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Epigenetics and plant evolution.

Ryan A Rapp1, Jonathan F Wendel

  • 1Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.

The New Phytologist
|September 15, 2005
PubMed
Summary
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Epigenetic mechanisms in plants can alter gene expression and morphology, influencing evolution without genetic changes. These heritable modifications suggest evolution doesn't always require DNA sequence variation.

Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Plant Science
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Evolutionary biology traditionally emphasizes natural selection acting on DNA sequence variation.
  • Recent research reveals epigenetic mechanisms can modify gene expression patterns.
  • These epigenetic modifications are heritable and influence organismal traits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce epigenetic mechanisms in plants.
  • To explore the connection between epigenetics and evolution.
  • To highlight empirical studies on epigenetically mediated changes in plants.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current understanding of plant epigenetic mechanisms.
  • Analysis of empirical studies demonstrating epigenetic effects on gene expression and morphology.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Synthesis of evidence linking epigenetic alterations to evolutionary processes.

    • Main Results:

    • Epigenetic modifications can alter gene expression temporally, spatially, and in abundance.
    • These alterations can lead to significant morphological, physiological, and ecological consequences.
    • Heritability of epigenetic changes suggests a role in evolutionary trajectories.

    Conclusions:

    • Epigenetic variation can drive evolutionary change, independent of genetic variation.
    • Understanding plant epigenetics is crucial for a comprehensive view of evolution.
    • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the evolutionary impact of epigenetic modifications.