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Excess weight and sleep-disordered breathing.

Terry Young1, Paul E Peppard, Shahrad Taheri

  • 1Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA. tbyoung@wisc.edu

Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
|September 15, 2005
PubMed
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Excess weight significantly increases the risk of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). Obesity is a major contributor to SDB prevalence, posing a growing public health concern.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Obesity Research

Background:

  • Excess body weight is a known risk factor for sleep-disordered breathing (SDB).
  • Global trends show increasing rates of weight gain in both children and adults.
  • A strong causal link exists between increased body mass and SDB prevalence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the prevalence of SDB attributable to excess weight in adults.
  • To highlight the public health implications of the obesity epidemic on SDB rates.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of population studies and clinical observations linking body mass index (BMI) and neck girth to SDB.
  • Estimation of SDB prevalence based on US adult age, sex, and BMI distributions.
  • Calculation of the proportion of SDB cases attributable to overweight and obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m²).

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Main Results:

  • An estimated 17% of US adults (ages 30-69) have mild or worse SDB (AHI ≥ 5), with 41% linked to BMI ≥ 25 kg/m².
  • Approximately 5.7% of US adults have moderate or worse SDB (AHI ≥ 15), with 58% attributable to excess weight.
  • The prevalence and proportion of SDB attributed to obesity are projected to rise with continued weight gain.

Conclusions:

  • Excess weight is a primary driver of sleep-disordered breathing.
  • The escalating obesity epidemic directly correlates with increasing SDB rates.
  • Addressing obesity is crucial for managing and reducing the burden of SDB in public health.