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[Nephrotoxicity of Aristolochia manshuriensis and aristolochic acids in mice]

Xiao-shuang Ding1, Ai-hua Liang, Jin-hua Wang

  • 1The Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China.

Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi = Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi = China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica
|September 16, 2005
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Aristolochia manshuriensis (GMT) causes kidney and liver toxicity in mice, with aristolochic acids being the primary culprits for renal damage and lethality. Toxicity is dose-dependent, with kidney damage occurring at lower doses than liver damage.

Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Pharmacology
  • Herbal Medicine Safety

Context:

  • Aristolochia manshuriensis (GMT) is a traditional herb with known toxic components.
  • Aristolochic acids (AA) are a group of compounds found in Aristolochia species, implicated in nephrotoxicity.

Purpose:

  • To compare the acute toxic effects of Aristolochia manshuriensis (GMT) extract and total aristolochic acids (TA) in mice.
  • To establish the dose-response relationship for renal toxicity induced by GMT.

Summary:

  • Mice treated with GMT extract or TA showed dose-dependent increases in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr), indicating renal toxicity.
  • Histopathological examination revealed kidney damage at doses of AA 4.5 mg/kg and above, and liver damage at doses of AA 25 mg/kg and above.
  • The LD50 of GMT extract was comparable to TA, with aristolochic acids identified as the main toxic components responsible for renal toxicity and lethality.

Impact:

  • This study highlights the significant nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic potential of GMT, primarily attributed to aristolochic acids.
  • The findings underscore the importance of dose consideration in the use of GMT and related herbal products.
  • Understanding the toxicological profile of GMT is crucial for risk assessment and patient safety in traditional medicine practices.

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