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The relationship between sleep disturbance and pulmonary function in stable pediatric cystic fibrosis patients
Raouf Amin1, Judy Bean, Kathleen Burklow
1Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA. aminr0@chmcc.org
Insights
Pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) experience lower sleep efficiency and more nighttime awakenings than healthy children. Sleep quality significantly impacts lung function (FEV1) in CF patients, indicating a two-way relationship.
Area of Science:
- Pulmonary Medicine
- Sleep Science
- Pediatric Health
Background:
- Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a common inherited disorder affecting northern European populations.
- CF leads to progressive pulmonary and gastrointestinal symptoms, impacting daily life.
- Understanding factors affecting CF progression is crucial for patient management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare sleep efficiency in pediatric CF patients versus healthy controls.
- To investigate the association between sleep efficiency and pulmonary function in CF.
- To explore the bidirectional relationship between sleep and lung health in CF.
Main Methods:
- Actigraphy recordings over 5 days for 44 CF patients and 40 controls.
- Sleep questionnaires completed by participants and parents.
- Pulmonary function tests (including FEV1) for CF patients.
- Multiple regression analysis to assess correlations.
Main Results:
- CF patients exhibited significantly lower sleep efficiency than controls.
- FEV1 correlated positively with sleep duration and efficiency.
- FEV1 was negatively associated with nocturnal awakenings, age, and BMI.
- Sleep efficiency, BMI percentile, and gender predicted FEV1.
- Nocturnal cough frequency independently predicted FEV1.
Conclusions:
- Clinically stable pediatric CF patients have impaired sleep quality compared to healthy peers.
- A significant, bidirectional correlation exists between sleep parameters and FEV1 in CF.
- Sleep disturbances may influence CF lung disease progression, and vice versa.
Background:
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common inherited disease affecting northern European populations. It is characterized by a progressive clinical course that causes diurnal and nocturnal pulmonary and gastrointestinal symptoms.
Objectives:
To determine whether clinically stable pediatric patients with CF have lower sleep efficiency than healthy control subjects, and to examine the relationship between sleep efficiency and pulmonary function.
Methods:
Forty-four CF patients and 40 control subjects completed 5 days of actigraphy recordings. Additionally, sleep questionnaires were independently completed by all study participants and their parents. Pulmonary function testing was performed in all patients with CF. Multiple regression analysis was used to measure the independent correlation between sleep variables and pulmonary function.
Results:
CF patients had significantly lower sleep efficiency than control subjects. The FEV1 of these patients correlated positively with sleep duration and efficiency, and negatively with the number and duration of nocturnal awakenings, age, and body mass index (BMI). The independent effect of FEV1 on sleep was first examined. Age and FEV1 were the only variables that predicted sleep duration (R2 = 0.3; p = 0.0007), while FEV1 was the only variable predicting sleep efficiency (R2 = 0.28; p = 0.0002). When the independent effect of sleep on FEV1 was analyzed, sleep efficiency, BMI percentile, and gender predicted FEV1 (R2 = 0.46; p < or = 0.0001). The frequency of nocturnal cough reported by patients and their parents was an independent predictor of FEV1.
Conclusions:
Pediatric patients with CF and stable pulmonary function have lower sleep efficiency and more frequent nocturnal awakenings than do healthy control subjects. After adjustment for demographic characteristics, there was an independent and significant correlation between sleep parameters and FEV1, when either sleep variables or FEV1 were used as dependent variables. These findings suggest a bidirectional relationship between sleep disturbance and CF lung disease.
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