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Effects of 8-week, interval-based inspiratory muscle training and breathing retraining in patients with generalized
Guilherme Augusto de Freitas Fregonezi1, Vanessa Regiane Resqueti, Rosa Güell
1Departament de Pneumology, Area de Rehabilitación Respiratoria, Hospital de la Santa Creu i de Sant Pau Av, Sant Antoni Maria Claret, 167 08025, Barcelona, Spain. gfreitas@hsp.santpau.es
Study Objective:
To assess the effect of interval-based inspiratory muscle training (IMT) combined with breathing retraining (BR) in patients with generalized myasthenia gravis (MG) in a partial home program.
Design:
A randomized controlled trial with blinding of outcome assessment.
Setting:
A secondary-care respiratory clinic.
Patients:
Twenty-seven patients with generalized MG were randomized to a control group or a training group.
Interventions:
The training group underwent interval-based IMT associated with BR (diaphragmatic breathing [DB] and pursed-lips breathing [PLB]) three times a week for 8 weeks. The sessions included 10 min each of DB, interval-based IMT, and PLB. Interval-based IMT consisted of training series interspersed with recovery time. The threshold load was increased from 20 to 60% of maximal inspiratory pressure (P(Imax)) over the 8 weeks.
Measurements And Results:
Lung function, respiratory pattern, respiratory muscle strength, respiratory endurance, and thoracic mobility were measured before and after the 8 weeks. The training group improved significantly compared to control group in P(Imax) (p = 0.001), maximal expiratory pressure (P(Emax)) [p = 0.01], respiratory rate (RR)/tidal volume (V(T)) ratio (p = 0.05), and upper chest wall expansion (p = 0.02) and reduction (p = 0.04). Significant differences were seen in the training group compared to baseline P(Imax) (p = 0.001), P(Emax) (p = 0.01), maximal voluntary ventilation (p = 0.02), RR/V(T) ratio (p = 0.003), Vt (p = 0.02), RR (p = 0.01), total time of RR (p = 0.01), and upper chest wall expansion (p = 0.005) and reduction (p = 0.005). No significant improvement was seen in lower chest wall or lung function.
Conclusions:
The partial home program of interval-based IMT associated with BR is feasible and effective in patients with generalized MG. Improvements in respiratory muscle strength, chest wall mobility, respiratory pattern, and respiratory endurance were observed.
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