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Bacillus herbersteinensis sp. nov.

Monika Wieser1, Hanna Worliczek1, Peter Kämpfer2

  • 1Institut für Bakteriologie, Mykologie und Hygiene, Veterinärmedizinische Universität Wien, A-1210 Wien, Austria.

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology
|September 17, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Two novel bacterial strains were discovered in a medieval wall painting. These strains represent a new species, Bacillus herbersteinensis, identified through genomic and physiological analyses.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Bacterial Taxonomy
  • Environmental Microbiology

Background:

  • Medieval wall paintings harbor unique microbial communities.
  • Understanding microbial diversity in historical artifacts is crucial for conservation and scientific insight.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To isolate and characterize novel bacterial strains from a medieval wall painting.
  • To determine the taxonomic and phylogenetic placement of the isolated bacteria.

Main Methods:

  • Isolation of bacterial strains from wall painting samples.
  • Analysis of whole-cell protein patterns, genomic fingerprints, and physiological profiles.
  • Chemotaxonomic analysis, including peptidoglycan composition, quinone systems, and fatty acid profiles.
  • Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing.

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Main Results:

  • Two closely related Gram-positive, aerobic, spore-forming bacterial strains, D-1,5a(T) and D-1,5b, were isolated.
  • Chemotaxonomic data (meso-diaminopimelic acid, menaquinone MK-7, predominant C15 fatty acids) were consistent.
  • 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed highest similarity (99.5%) to Bacillus sp. LMG 20243, but distinct from other related Bacillus species.
  • Physiological and chemotaxonomic traits differentiated the isolates from closely related species.

Conclusions:

  • The isolated strains represent a novel species within the genus Bacillus.
  • The proposed name for the new species is Bacillus herbersteinensis sp. nov., with strain D-1,5a(T) as the type strain.
  • This discovery expands the known diversity of bacteria associated with historical heritage sites.