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Hypoglycaemia in a Nigerian paediatric emergency ward
J B E Elusiyan1, E A Adejuyigbe, O O Adeodu
1Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. bimbolabanks@yahoo.com
Journal of Tropical Pediatrics
|September 20, 2005
Summary
Hypoglycaemia (low blood sugar) affects 6.4% of paediatric emergency admissions in Nigeria, often complicating severe illnesses and increasing mortality risk. Early suspicion in unconscious, fasting children is crucial for better outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Emergency Medicine
- Metabolic Disorders
Background:
- Hypoglycaemia is a frequent complication in pediatric emergency admissions, particularly in Nigeria.
- It significantly worsens outcomes for various childhood illnesses.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence of hypoglycaemia in pediatric emergency admissions.
- To identify clinical factors predisposing to hypoglycaemia.
- To investigate the impact of hypoglycaemia on patient outcomes.
Main Methods:
- A study of 392 consecutively admitted pediatric patients.
- Plasma glucose levels were measured, with hypoglycaemia defined as <2.5 mmol/l.
- Clinical data and outcomes were recorded.
Main Results:
- A prevalence of 6.4% for hypoglycaemia was observed.
- Associated conditions included severe malaria, septicaemia, pneumonia, and malnutrition.
- Unconsciousness and prolonged fasting were significant risk factors.
- Hypoglycaemia was linked to increased mortality, especially within 24 hours of admission.
Conclusions:
- Hypoglycaemia is a significant complication in Nigerian pediatric emergency admissions with a 6.4% prevalence.
- It is associated with severe childhood illnesses and poorer outcomes, including death.
- Clinical suspicion of hypoglycaemia is vital in critically ill, unconscious, or fasting children.
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