Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 15, 2026

Single-cell Analysis of Immunophenotype and Cytokine Production in Peripheral Whole Blood via Mass Cytometry
Published on: June 26, 2018
[Women and autoimmune diseases with cardiovascular manifestations]
Irene Portig1, Andrea Sandmöller, Sabine Pankuweit
1Klinik für Innere Medizin-Kardiologie, Angiologie und Prävention, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, 35033, Marburg.
Abstract:
Women's greater susceptibility to autoimmune diseases has been recognized for more than 100 years. And although the basic immune response (including a more vigorous immune response and increased antibody production) has been known to differ between men and women, conclusive pathophysiological explanations for this phenomenon are still lacking. Experimental work done in animal models have revealed a profound influence of sex hormones on the susceptibility to autoimmune diseases and on clinical disease via direct and indirect signaling pathways. Apart from sex hormones additional factors seem to participate in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, which remain to be elucidated ("so far, you cannot explain autoimmunity [only] with estrogen" [lockshin]).
Related Concept Videos
Autoimmune Disorders
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies
Psychoneuroimmunology: Cardiovascular Disease
A key area of focus in PNI is the relationship between stress and coronary...
Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction
Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction
Coronary Artery Disease III: Clinical Manifestations
