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Atomic force microscopy study of early morphological changes during apoptosis.

Jessica A Hessler1, Andrew Budor, Krishna Putchakayala

  • 1Department of Chemistry, and the Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|September 21, 2005
PubMed
Summary

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Apoptotic volume decrease (AVD), a key cell death morphology, occurs before biochemical markers in staurosporine-induced apoptosis. Atomic force microscopy revealed significant cell shrinkage preceding caspase activity and nuclear fragmentation.

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Apoptosis involves distinct morphological changes, including apoptotic volume decrease (AVD).
  • Recent evidence suggests AVD precedes biochemical hallmarks of programmed cell death.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate early-stage AVD in KB cells during staurosporine-induced apoptosis using atomic force microscopy.
  • To determine if morphological changes precede biochemical markers of apoptosis.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized atomic force microscopy (AFM) to observe KB cells.
  • Induced apoptosis using 1 microM staurosporine for 3 hours.
  • Quantified changes in cell height, volume, and diameter.

Main Results:

  • Observed a 32% decrease in cell height and a 50% loss in cell volume.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Noted minimal change (15%) in cell diameter during AVD.
  • AVD occurred before loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, phosphatidylserine translocation, nuclear fragmentation, and caspase-3 activation.

    • Conclusions:

    • Morphological changes, specifically AVD, are early events in apoptosis.
    • Atomic force microscopy is effective in observing early apoptotic morphological changes.
    • Cell shrinkage is a critical early indicator of apoptosis induction.