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Comparison of various blood-typing methods for the feline AB blood group system
Knut Stieger1, Hanna Palos, Urs Giger
1Section of Medical Genetics, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Insights
Feline blood typing using card tests showed potential issues with type AB cats. Gel and tube tests are reliable for veterinary diagnostics.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Hematology
- Immunology
- Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine
Background:
- Accurate feline blood typing is crucial for safe transfusions and breeding programs.
- Several methods exist for feline blood typing, each with potential advantages and limitations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the accuracy and reliability of different feline blood typing methods.
- Evaluate the performance of card, gel, tube, and University of Pennsylvania (Penn) tube and slide tests.
Main Methods:
- Blood samples from 38 healthy cats were tested using card (CARD), gel (GEL), tube (TUBE), Penn tube, and Penn slide tests.
- Standard manufacturers' protocols were followed for each blood typing method.
Main Results:
- The Penn tube and slide tests classified cats into type A, B, and AB.
- The CARD test showed weak reactions for type AB blood with anti-A monoclonal antibodies.
- The GEL and TUBE tests reliably differentiated between feline blood types A, B, and AB.
Conclusions:
- The CARD test may require further refinement for accurate identification of type AB feline blood.
- Modified GEL and TUBE tests are considered reliable clinical laboratory methods for feline blood typing.
Objective:
To compare feline blood-typing results determined by use of the card (CARD), gel (GEL), tube (TUBE), University of Pennsylvania (Penn) tube, and Penn slide tests.
Sample Population:
Blood samples from 38 healthy cats.
Procedures:
Blood samples, anticoagulated with EDTA, were screened by use of each blood-typing method according to manufacturers' protocols.
Results:
On the basis of the standard Penn tube and slide test results, 20, 11, and 7 cats were classified as type A positive, type B positive, and type AB positive, respectively. The same results were obtained with the anti-B and anti-B reagents of the TUBE test. Use of anti-A antibodies of original polyclonal and current monoclonal CARD tests resulted in mostly 2+ to 3+ (scale, 0 to 4+) agglutination reactions with blood samples from type A-positive cats; agglutination reactions with blood samples from type AB-positive cats were weak (1+). The anti-B lectin of the CARD test induced a 2+ to 4+ reaction with blood from all type B- and type AB-positive cats. Use of the GEL test allowed recognition of type A and type B blood samples; following addition of anti-A serum to control columns, type B blood was differentiated from type AB blood.
Conclusions And Clinical Relevance:
Use of the in-practice CARD test allows identification of type A- and type B-positive cats, but weak reactions of type AB blood with the anti-A monoclonal antibody raise concerns. The modified GEL and TUBE tests appear to be reliable clinical laboratory methods for feline blood typing.
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