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Links between early post-partum mood and post-natal depression.

P Hannah1, D Adams, A Lee

  • 1Bernhard Baron Memorial Research Laboratories, Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital, London.

The British Journal of Psychiatry : the Journal of Mental Science
|June 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary

Early detection of postpartum depression is crucial. A high Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale score within the first week significantly predicts later depression, with factors like difficult delivery and bottle feeding being key indicators.

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Perinatal Mental Health
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Postnatal depression affects a significant number of mothers.
  • Early identification of risk factors and symptoms is vital for timely intervention.
  • The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) is a widely used screening tool.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the correlation between EPDS scores at five days and six weeks postpartum.
  • To identify early predictors of postnatal depression.
  • To examine factors associated with the development of postnatal depression.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 217 patients was assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) at five days and six weeks postpartum.
  • Statistical analysis was employed to determine correlations and associations between variables.

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  • Risk factors such as mode of delivery, birth weight, feeding method, and previous history of mood disturbance were analyzed.

    • Main Results:

    • A strong positive correlation was found between EPDS scores at five days and six weeks postpartum.
    • Seventeen out of 25 women (68%) with postnatal depression at six weeks also exhibited symptoms in the first week.
    • Low birth weight, Caesarean section, difficult delivery, and bottle feeding were associated with higher early EPDS scores. Bottle feeding and Caesarean section were linked to depression at six weeks.
    • A history of low mood after a previous birth, combined with an EPDS score >= 10 at five days, increased the risk of postnatal depression at six weeks by 85-fold.

    Conclusions:

    • The EPDS is effective in identifying women at risk for developing postnatal depression.
    • Early postpartum screening (within the first week) can predict later depression.
    • Specific obstetric and infant-rearing factors, alongside a history of mood disturbance, are significant risk factors for postnatal depression.