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Pathology of asthma.

¹Department of Lung Pathology, National Heart & Lung Institute, Brompton Hospital, London.

British Medical Bulletin

|January 1, 1992

Summary

Asthma involves airway occlusion by mucus plugs and inflammation. Early signs in mild asthma include epithelial damage and immune cell infiltration, contributing to airway wall thickening.

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Area of Science:

Pulmonary Medicine
Pathology
Immunology

Background:

Asthma is a complex respiratory condition with a single recognized pathological process.
Airway obstruction in fatal asthma is characterized by mucus plugs, epithelial damage, and inflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

To detail the pathological changes in asthma, from mild to fatal stages.
To identify early cellular events in mild atopic asthma.

Main Methods:

Histopathological examination of airways in fatal asthma cases.
Biopsy analysis of subjects with mild stable atopic asthma.

Main Results:

Fatal asthma shows airways occluded by mucus, epithelial fragility, basement membrane thickening, vascular changes, inflammation, and smooth muscle/gland enlargement.
Early atopic asthma exhibits epithelial fragility, reticular layer thickening, and infiltration by T lymphocytes and eosinophils.

Conclusions:

The pathological findings in asthma contribute to inflammation and airflow obstruction.
Early detection of epithelial and inflammatory changes in mild asthma is crucial for understanding disease progression.

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