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Alpha E beta 7 (CD103) expression identifies a highly active, tonsil-resident effector-memory CTL population.

Tonia Woodberry1, Todd J Suscovich, Leah M Henry

  • 1Partners AIDS Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02129, USA.

Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
|September 24, 2005
PubMed
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Antiviral immune responses in tonsils are significantly stronger than in blood. Tonsil-specific T cells, unlike blood cells, express CD103, indicating distinct activation and memory roles in controlling Epstein-Barr virus (EBV).

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • Antiviral cellular immune responses, particularly cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), are typically studied in peripheral blood.
  • This approach limits understanding of immune responses at mucosal sites, where viruses like Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) initially infect and replicate.
  • The characteristics and function of CTL at these critical entry points remain largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and compare Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-specific CTL responses in human tonsils versus peripheral blood.
  • To characterize the phenotype and functional differences of tonsil-resident CTL compared to peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-derived CTL.
  • To determine the role of specific markers, such as CD103, in tonsillar CTL function.

Main Methods:

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of EBV-specific CTL responses in tonsil tissue and PBMCs.
  • Phenotypic characterization of CTL using markers like CD103, CCR7, and CD45RA.
  • Assessment of CTL activation status and antigen sensitivity through in vitro assays.

Main Results:

  • EBV-specific CTL responses in tonsils showed comparable specificity and breadth but significantly higher magnitude than in peripheral blood.
  • Tonsil-resident EBV-specific T cells expressed CD103 (alphaEbeta7), an integrin and activation marker, which was absent in PBMC-derived T cells.
  • Tonsillar CTL were identified as effector-memory cells (CCR7- and CD45RA- negative) and responded to lower antigen concentrations.
  • E-cadherin, the ligand for CD103, was detected on tonsillar squamous cells, suggesting a mechanism for tonsil-resident T cell retention.

Conclusions:

  • EBV-specific CTL in the tonsil are more numerous and phenotypically distinct from those in peripheral blood.
  • The expression of CD103 on tonsillar CTL suggests a specialized role in mucosal immunity.
  • These findings highlight the importance of tonsillar immune responses for controlling orally transmitted viruses like EBV.