Obesity: basic science and medical aspects relevant to anaesthetists

Area of Science:

• Public Health
• Physiology
• Endocrinology

Background:

• Obesity is a significant global public health issue and a leading cause of death in the US.
• It is associated with severe, life-threatening comorbidities, including cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.
• Visceral or abdominal obesity specifically increases risks for these conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the current understanding of body weight regulation and obesity pathogenesis.
• To discuss advances in medical and surgical treatments for obesity.
• To highlight the importance of understanding obesity-related issues for anesthesiologists and intensivists.

Main Methods:

• Review of physiological mechanisms of body weight regulation.
• Analysis of advances in understanding appetite control.
• Examination of current medical and surgical treatment options for obesity.
• Discussion of associated risks and management considerations.

Main Results:

• Significant progress has been made in understanding the physiology of weight regulation and obesity.
• Improved understanding of appetite control has led to better medical and surgical interventions.
• Both medical treatments (drugs) and surgical interventions carry potential adverse effects.
• Morbid obesity management requires specialized knowledge for anesthesiologists and intensivists.

Conclusions:

• Obesity is a complex public health problem requiring multifaceted treatment approaches.
• Medical and surgical options for obesity treatment have advanced but require careful consideration of risks.
• Effective management of obese patients, particularly those with morbid obesity, necessitates specialized medical expertise.