Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 15, 2026
04:30
A Murine Model of Stent Implantation in the Carotid Artery for the Study of Restenosis
Published on: May 14, 2013
Update on drug-eluting coronary stents
Nicholas N Kipshidze1, Mykola V Tsapenko, Martin B Leon
1Department of Interventional Cardiac and Vascular Services, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY 10021, USA. nkipshidze@lenoxhill.net
Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy
|September 27, 2005
Summary
Drug-eluting stents (DES) significantly improve long-term outcomes for percutaneous coronary interventions by reducing restenosis. Current DES options and emerging therapies offer advanced treatment for complex coronary conditions.
Area of Science:
- Interventional Cardiology
- Biomedical Engineering
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Drug-eluting stents (DES) combine mechanical support with localized drug delivery to prevent neointimal hyperplasia after percutaneous coronary interventions.
- DES have dramatically reduced restenosis rates, expanding treatment options for complex coronary artery disease, especially in high-risk patients.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current data on drug-eluting stents (DES) in interventional cardiology.
- To discuss available DES technologies and emerging therapeutic approaches.
Main Methods:
- Review of current literature and clinical data on DES.
- Analysis of approved and investigational DES technologies and drug elution strategies.
Main Results:
- DES significantly improve long-term efficacy compared to bare-metal stents by suppressing neointimal proliferation.
- Currently available DES in the USA include sirolimus-eluting stents (SES) and paclitaxel-eluting stents (PES).
- Emerging DES utilize sirolimus analogs (everolimus, ABT-578) and strategies to promote re-endothelialization, alongside potential gene transfer therapies.
Conclusions:
- DES represent a major advancement in interventional cardiology, offering improved outcomes for a wide range of coronary conditions.
- Ongoing research and development in DES aim to further enhance efficacy, safety, and patient outcomes through novel drug choices and delivery systems.
Related Concept Videos
01:30Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Stimuli-Activated
Stimuli-activated drug delivery systems are designed to release drugs in response to specific physical, chemical, or biological stimuli. These systems often utilize hydrogels—three-dimensional, hydrophilic polymer networks capable of swelling in aqueous environments and retaining significant fluid volumes. Upon exposure to particular stimuli, these hydrogels undergo structural transitions that allow the embedded drug to be released. Due to this adaptive behavior, such systems are also called...
01:25Antianginal Drugs: Calcium Channel Blockers and Ranolazine
Angina pectoris, a primary symptom of ischemic heart disease, requires careful pharmacological interventions. In this context, calcium channel blockers (CCBs) and ranolazine have emerged as crucial pharmacotherapeutic agents, providing deep insights into the complexities of angina management.
CCBs, a diverse class that includes dihydropyridines (nifedipine) and diphenylalkylamines (verapamil and diltiazem), exert their effect by blocking calcium channels in cardiac and smooth muscle cells. This...
CCBs, a diverse class that includes dihydropyridines (nifedipine) and diphenylalkylamines (verapamil and diltiazem), exert their effect by blocking calcium channels in cardiac and smooth muscle cells. This...
01:19Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II
Rate-programmed drug delivery systems release drugs in a controlled manner to maintain therapeutic levels. Three main designs include reservoir, matrix, and hybrid systems.Reservoir systems consist of a drug core enclosed within a membrane that controls drug release. In non-swelling reservoir systems, polymers like ethyl cellulose or polymethacrylates are used. These do not hydrate in aqueous media and control release through membrane thickness, porosity, or insolubility. This type includes...
01:27Peripheral Artery Disease III: Interprofessional Care
Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) is characterized by narrowed arteries that diminish blood flow to the extremities. Effective management of PAD requires an interprofessional approach involving various healthcare professionals. The critical aspects of interprofessional care for PAD patients focus on risk factor modification, drug therapy, exercise therapy, nutrition therapy, critical limb ischemia care, and interventional radiology and surgical procedures.The primary treatment goal for PAD...
01:20Antiplatelet Drugs: Prostaglandin Synthesis, P2Y12 and Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors
Antiplatelet drugs emerge as frontline defenders against the insidious threat of thromboembolic diseases, where abnormal clots obstruct vital blood vessels. These drugs stand as bulwarks, inhibiting platelet aggregation and clot formation, thereby mitigating the risk of life-threatening conditions like myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, and thrombotic strokes.
Prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors, exemplified by the widely known aspirin, wield their power by irreversibly acetylating...
Prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors, exemplified by the widely known aspirin, wield their power by irreversibly acetylating...
01:26FDA Approved Drugs: Changes to Approved Drugs
Post-approval, manufacturers may modify an approved new or generic drug product. Such modifications can encompass alterations in the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API), manufacturing process, formulation, batch size, manufacturing site, and container closure system (FDA Guidance for Industry, April 2004). Often, a drug product may undergo multiple changes.These modifications require careful evaluation to determine their potential impact on the drug product's identity, strength, quality,...