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Related Experiment Videos

Stress and human reproduction.

J G Schenker1, D Meirow, E Schenker

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel.

European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology
|June 16, 1992
PubMed
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Emotional stress often results from infertility, not the cause. Stress hormones disrupt reproductive hormones, impacting ovulation and fertility in infertile individuals.

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Endocrinology
  • Neuroendocrinology
  • Psychoneuroimmunology

Background:

  • The relationship between emotional stress and infertility is a long-standing area of research.
  • Infertile couples frequently experience significant stress during fertility evaluations and treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the biological mechanisms underlying the interaction between stress and infertility.
  • To clarify whether stress is a cause or a consequence of infertility.

Main Methods:

  • Review of investigations over the past two decades.
  • Analysis of the neuroendocrine pathways affected by stress hormones.
  • Examination of the impact of stress on reproductive hormones and ovulation.

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Main Results:

  • Evidence suggests stress is predominantly a result, not a cause, of infertility.
  • Stress hormones (catecholamines, HPA axis) interfere with reproductive hormones (GnRH, prolactin, LH, FSH).
  • Stress alters endogenous opiates and melatonin, further disrupting ovulation; sympathetic innervation also plays a role.

Conclusions:

  • Stress exacerbates infertility, creating a negative feedback loop.
  • Psychological distress in infertile couples stems from isolation, life disruption, and loss of control.
  • In vitro fertilization (IVF) participants experience heightened stress, particularly after failed cycles.