NSE and S100 after hypoxia in the newborn pig

Perinatal asphyxia is an important cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. There is the potential to halt cerebral damage if neural rescue strategies are applied within a short period of time after an insult. It is therefore important to be able to accurately identify neonates who may benefit from neural rescue therapies. Recent studies in asphyxiated neonates have correlated S100B and NSE with outcome; however, interpretation of these studies were difficult, as the timing of the measurements were not consistent. We measured NSE and S100 in 1-d-old piglets after a mild or severe hypoxic insult. Measurements were performed at 6-72 h after the insult and correlated with histologic outcome. There were no differences of the NSE or S100 concentrations between controls and the mild hypoxia group. After 24 h, there was a significant difference of NSE between the control/mild insult group and severe insult group. After 48 h, the S100 concentrations were significantly different between the control/mild insult group and the severe insult group. Both proteins showed good correlation at these time points with outcome as measured by histology score at 72 h. In conclusion, NSE and S100B measured in the serum of piglets after hypoxia increased significantly and correlated with outcome. This increase occurs too late to be used within the first 24 h but might be helpful for the clinician in determining the timing of an insult.