Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 1, 2026

Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic Clamps in Conscious, Unrestrained Mice
11:10

Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic Clamps in Conscious, Unrestrained Mice

Published on: November 16, 2011

Decreased beta-cell function in overweight Latino children with impaired fasting glucose

Marc J Weigensberg1, Geoff D C Ball, Gabriel Q Shaibi

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA.

Diabetes Care
|September 28, 2005
PubMed

Insights

Overweight Latino children with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) show reduced beta-cell function, not insulin resistance. This suggests IFG may identify youth at risk for type 2 diabetes progression.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Health
  • Diabetes Research

Background:

  • Overweight Latino children with a family history of type 2 diabetes are a high-risk population.
  • Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) is a potential precursor to type 2 diabetes.
  • Understanding the underlying metabolic changes in IFG is crucial for early intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether overweight Latino children with IFG exhibit increased insulin resistance or decreased beta-cell function compared to those with normal fasting glucose (NFG).

Main Methods:

  • Study included 207 healthy overweight Latino children (8-13 years) with a family history of type 2 diabetes.
  • Oral glucose tolerance tests assessed fasting and 2-hour glucose and insulin levels.
  • Insulin sensitivity (S(i)), acute insulin response to glucose (AIRg), and disposition index (DI) were determined using the insulin-modified intravenous glucose tolerance test and minimal modeling.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in body composition were observed between IFG and NFG groups.
  • Children with IFG had higher fasting/2-hour glucose and fasting insulin levels compared to NFG.
  • After adjustments, IFG children showed no difference in S(i) but a 15% lower DI (P < 0.05) than NFG children.

Conclusions:

  • In this cohort, IFG in overweight Latino adolescents is associated with impaired beta-cell function (lower DI), not insulin resistance.
  • IFG may serve as an early indicator of children at risk for type 2 diabetes progression.
  • Prospective studies are needed to confirm the progression risk of IFG to type 2 diabetes.
Abstract

More Related Videos

Study of In Vivo Glucose Metabolism in High-fat Diet-fed Mice Using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) and Insulin Tolerance Test (ITT)08:13

Study of In Vivo Glucose Metabolism in High-fat Diet-fed Mice Using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) and Insulin Tolerance Test (ITT)

Published on: January 7, 2018

Analysis of Beta-cell Function Using Single-cell Resolution Calcium Imaging in Zebrafish Islets08:50

Analysis of Beta-cell Function Using Single-cell Resolution Calcium Imaging in Zebrafish Islets

Published on: July 3, 2018

Related Concept Videos

Carbohydrate Metabolism01:36

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in the...
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications

For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is based on...
Type II Diabetes I: Introduction01:26

Type II Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...
Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:24

Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

PathophysiologyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. It results from interactions among genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and metabolic stressors, such as overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle.Insulin Resistance and Glucose DysregulationEarly T2DM involves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver.