Characterization of the interaction between the A2 subunit and A1/A3-C1-C2 dimer in human factor VIIIa

Factor VIIIa is a heterotrimer of the factor VIII heavy chain-derived A1 and A2 subunits plus the factor VIII light chain-derived A3-C1-C2 subunit. While the A1 and A3-C1-C2 subunits can be isolated as a stable dimer, the A2 subunit is weakly associated with the dimer. In the human protein, the association of A2 with dimer is reversible and governed by a pH-dependent dissociation constant. Using the specific activity of factor VIIIa as an indicator of trimer concentration, the Kd (pH 6.0) was determined to be 28 nM whereas at the more physiologic pH (pH 7.4) this value was approximately 260 nM. Results from pH shift experiments confirmed the reversible binding of A2 to dimer as did the capacity for high levels of exogenous A2 subunit to inhibit the spontaneous decay of factor VIIIa activity. A2 subunit associated with the A1 subunit in the A1/A3-C1-C2 dimer based upon the capacity for free A1 subunit to inhibit the reconstitution of factor VIIIa from A2 subunit and dimer. These results indicate that the primary mechanism for the spontaneous decay of human factor VIIIa is the reversible dissociation of A2 subunit from the A1 subunit of the A1/A3-C1-C2 dimer.