[Adequacy of anticoagulant prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation]

Although there is a consensus about the use of oral anticoagulants (OAC) to prevent stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation this treatment is underused in actual practice. Our aim was to determine the proportion of patients with previously known atrial fibrillation who were receiving OAC before stroke onset and their characteristics.

We recruited 50 patients who were admitted with acute stroke and previously known atrial fibrillation over a period of one year. Patients were classified according to the type of antithrombotic treatment they were on. The clinical picture was evaluated by the NIHSS. Functional prognosis was estimated by modified-Rankin score at discharge.

Of 50 patients, 16 (32%) were receiving OAC before stroke. Four variables were associated with prescription of OAC: treatment with digoxin, previous ischemic stroke or transient ischemic accident, congestive heart failure and the type of AF (chronic vs paroxysmal). Age and medical history of arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus or ischemic cardiopathy did not influence the prescription. According to the NIHSS and modified-Rankin scales patients on OAC showed less serious strokes and presented a better functional situation at discharge than those who were not on that treatment.

This study highlights the need to improve medical education about OAC in patients with atrial fibrillation because only 32% of patients received OAC before stroke although 90% of them should receive it according to current guidelines. Our results suggest that OAC treatment not only prevents stroke but may also contribute to the development of less serious strokes with a better functional prognosis.