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Why do high jumpers use a curved approach?

John C C Tan¹, M R Yeadon

¹Physical Education and Sports Science, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.

Journal of Sports Sciences

|October 1, 2005

Summary

Elite high jumpers benefit from a curved approach, which generates crucial somersault rotation. A tightening curve at the end of the approach increases outward lean, contributing significantly to jump performance.

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Area of Science:

Biomechanics
Athletic Performance
Sports Science

Background:

The Fosbury Flop is universally used by elite high jumpers, featuring a curved approach.
The specific advantages and mechanics of the curved approach remain debated.
Understanding the curved approach is key to optimizing high jump technique.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify key characteristics of the high jump approach curve.
To investigate the role of the approach curve in generating somersault rotation.
To elucidate the biomechanical advantages of a curved approach in high jump.

Main Methods:

A theoretical model was developed to analyze the effects of curve tightening on lean.
Three-dimensional video analysis captured elite male high jumpers during competition.
Kinematic data were analyzed to quantify approach curve parameters and lean dynamics.

Main Results:

Approach curve radius and inward lean angle decreased towards the end of the approach.
A tightening curve transformed inward lean into outward lean.
Generated outward lean angular velocity was a substantial component of the required somersault velocity.

Conclusions:

The primary benefit of a curved approach lies in its ability to generate somersault velocity.
A tightening curve at the end of the approach is crucial for this velocity generation.
This finding clarifies a key biomechanical principle behind the success of the Fosbury Flop.

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