An image analysis on pathological changes in pulmonary arteries in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

The changes in small pulmonary arteries of 15 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were investigated by light and electron microscopy, image analysis etc. It was found that the structural changes in the pulmonary arteries of the patients with COPD were characterized by muscularization of non-muscular arterioles, media hypertrophy, longitudinal smooth muscle bundles in the intima and fibrosis in both the media and intima. In the course of time, these lesions resulted in thickening of the arterial wall and narrowing of the lumen. Clinically, the patients developed pulmonary hypertension causing cor pulmonale. Initial data on the structure of arterial wall at different segments were compared statistically. There was very significant difference between the COPD and control groups (P less than 0.001). By Fisher's auto-classification (automatic pattern recognition), the rate recognized was correct in more than 90% in the small arteries of less than 200 microns in diameter. It is suggested that these arteriolar changes are closely related to pulmonary hypertension. The image analysis showed that the ratios of MWA/MVA and MWT/MD were of great value in evaluating the degree of the changes in the arteries of the patients with COPD.