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[Autonomic dysfunction of central nervous system disorders].

H Sawada1, N Seriu, F Udaka

  • 1Department of Neurology, Sumitomo Hospital.

Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine
|April 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary

Central nervous system disorders, like cerebrovascular accidents and spinal cord lesions, frequently disrupt autonomic nervous system functions. These disruptions can lead to varied symptoms, impacting blood pressure, respiration, and temperature regulation, often with poor patient prognosis.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Autonomic Nervous System Research
  • Neuroscience

Context:

  • Central nervous system (CNS) disorders, particularly cerebrovascular accidents and spinal cord injuries, are known to disrupt autonomic nervous system (ANS) regulation.
  • Manifestations include altered blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature, and respiration.

Purpose:

  • To summarize the diverse autonomic dysfunctions associated with CNS lesions.
  • To highlight the clinical presentations and prognostic implications of these autonomic failures.

Summary:

  • Cerebrovascular lesions can cause transient hypertension, fever, cardiopulmonary abnormalities (e.g., ST-T wave changes, Cheyne-Stokes respiration), and unilateral hyperhidrosis.
  • Spinal cord lesions lead to spinal shock (reduced blood pressure/heart rate) in the acute phase and autonomic hyperreflexia (episodic hypertension) in the chronic stage.

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  • High cervical cord lesions may result in gastric ulcers.

    • Impact:

    • Understanding these autonomic dysfunctions is crucial for managing patients with CNS injuries.
    • Early recognition and management of autonomic complications can potentially improve patient outcomes.
    • This review underscores the significant impact of CNS lesions on autonomic control and overall patient prognosis.