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Updated: Aug 15, 2026

Collecting Saliva and Measuring Salivary Cortisol and Alpha-amylase in Frail Community Residing Older Adults via Family Caregivers
Published on: December 18, 2013
Increased cerebrospinal fluid cortisol level in Alzheimer's disease is not related to depression
Witte J G Hoogendijk1, Gerben Meynen, Erik Endert
1Research Institute Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Valeriusplein 9, 1075 BG Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Abstract:
Hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis hyperactivity is well established in a large proportion of both Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and idiopathic depression patients, resulting in, e.g. increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cortisol levels. We hypothesized that HPA-axis activity in depressed AD patients is even more increased than in non-depressed AD patients, resulting in higher CSF cortisol levels. Cortisol levels were measured in post mortem CSF of depressed and non-depressed AD patients and in controls. Cortisol levels in AD patients were more than double those of controls, while no significant differences were found between depressed and non-depressed AD patients. These results suggest a different pathogenetic mechanism in depression in AD than in idiopathic depression.
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