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Related Experiment Videos

How does temperature influence the properties of rectangular nickel-titanium wires?

Maurício Tatsuei Sakima1, Michel Dalstra, Birte Melsen

  • 1Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Aarhus, Denmark.

European Journal of Orthodontics
|October 4, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Temperature significantly impacts the force delivered by nickel-titanium (NiTi) archwires. Copper NiTi40 and NeoSentalloy 200g offered the most consistent forces, but may be ineffective below 35°C, suggesting austenitic NiTi wires should be avoided for low-force applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthodontics
  • Biomaterials Science
  • Materials Engineering

Background:

  • Thermodynamic nickel-titanium (NiTi) archwires are widely used in orthodontics.
  • The precise relationship between intraoral temperature fluctuations and the forces exerted by NiTi wires remains incompletely understood.
  • Understanding these forces is crucial for optimizing orthodontic treatment outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of intraoral temperature variations on the forces delivered by different brands of 0.019 x 0.025 inch NiTi archwires.
  • To analyze key mechanical properties, including yield point, maximum force, energy absorption, and plateau characteristics, under varying temperatures.
  • To compare the performance of seven commercially available NiTi archwire brands.

Main Methods:

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  • Seven brands of 0.019 x 0.025 inch NiTi archwires were tested using a Force System Identification (FSI) apparatus.
  • Simulated intraoral temperatures ranged from 30°C to 40°C in 2.5°C increments within a climate chamber.
  • A two-bracket system with self-ligating Damon brackets simulated first-order displacements up to 4 mm, with five samples tested per brand at each temperature.

Main Results:

  • All tested NiTi archwires exhibited distinct mechanical behaviors across different temperatures.
  • Copper NiTi40 and NeoSentalloy 200g demonstrated the lowest and most consistent force delivery.
  • These specific wires showed minimal force exertion below 35°C, potentially impacting efficacy in certain patient conditions like mouth breathing.

Conclusions:

  • Intraoral temperature significantly influences the force output of NiTi archwires.
  • For applications requiring consistent, low forces, Copper NiTi40 and NeoSentalloy 200g show promise, provided temperatures remain above 35°C.
  • Austenitic NiTi wires are not recommended if superelasticity and low force levels are primary treatment goals.