The Amber biomolecular simulation programs
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Updated: Aug 15, 2026

Synthesizing Amino Acids Modified with Reactive Carbonyls in Silico to Assess Structural Effects Using Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Published on: April 26, 2024
David A Case1, Thomas E Cheatham, Tom Darden
1Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Raod, TPC15, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. case@scripps.edu
Abstract:
We describe the development, current features, and some directions for future development of the Amber package of computer programs. This package evolved from a program that was constructed in the late 1970s to do Assisted Model Building with Energy Refinement, and now contains a group of programs embodying a number of powerful tools of modern computational chemistry, focused on molecular dynamics and free energy calculations of proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates.

