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Human evolution in Polynesia.

Adele L H Whyte1, Stephen J Marshall, Geoffrey K Chambers

  • 1Institute for Molecular Systematics, School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand.

Human Biology
|October 6, 2005
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Computer simulations estimate approximately 190 founding females established the Māori population in Aotearoa (New Zealand). This finding supports planned Polynesian voyages and challenges accidental discovery theories for New Zealand

Area of Science:

  • Population genetics
  • Anthropology
  • Computational biology

Background:

  • Recalculating the number of founding females for the Māori population of Aotearoa (New Zealand).
  • Incorporating mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) data from Māori and Eastern Polynesian populations.
  • Utilizing realistic population growth models in computer simulations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To estimate the number of founding females in the initial Māori settlement of Aotearoa.
  • To evaluate theories of accidental versus planned Polynesian settlement voyages.
  • To investigate the origins and diversity of Māori mitochondrial DNA.

Main Methods:

  • Computer simulations with sigmoid population growth models.
  • Analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) 3' hypervariable region 1 sequences.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Comparison of Māori and Eastern Polynesian mtDNA haplotypes.

    • Main Results:

    • An estimated 190 (170-230) founding females were present in the founding canoes (waka).
    • This number is more than double previous estimates, aligning with Māori oral history and paleodemography.
    • Four rare, novel Māori mtDNA haplotypes were identified, with origins not yet pinpointed in Polynesia.
    • The findings support planned, multiple settlement voyages to Aotearoa.

    Conclusions:

    • The Māori population was founded by a significantly larger female contingent than previously estimated.
    • Evidence strongly supports planned, multiple Polynesian settlement voyages, refuting accidental discovery.
    • While immediate origins remain unclear, the study supports the 'slow boat' model for Polynesian origins.
    • A comprehensive 'synthetic total evidence theory' integrating interdisciplinary data is emerging for Pacific settlement.