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Analyzing Mixing Inhomogeneity in a Microfluidic Device by Microscale Schlieren Technique
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Profiling pH gradients across nanocapillary array membranes connecting microfluidic channels.

Keqing Fa1, Joseph J Tulock, Jonathan V Sweedler

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|October 6, 2005
PubMed
Summary

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Nanocapillary array membranes (NCAMs) can control proton transport, enabling pH gradients in microfluidic devices. Proton transfer is reduced in smaller pores and lower ionic strengths, crucial for integrated chemical analysis.

Area of Science:

  • Nanofluidics
  • Microfluidics
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Nanocapillary array membranes (NCAMs) facilitate fluid transport between microfluidic channels.
  • Controlling proton (H+) transport is vital for processing samples at different pH levels in integrated microfluidic circuits.
  • Proton mobility poses challenges for separating microfluidic environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the capability of NCAMs to support pH gradients.
  • To study the proton transport properties of NCAMs.
  • To establish operating conditions for integrated nanofluidic/microfluidic architectures.

Main Methods:

  • Laser scanning confocal fluorescence microscopy (LSCFM) was used to map proton concentration ([H+]).
  • Analysis of diffusive and electrokinetic proton transport across NCAMs.

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  • Investigation of NCAMs with varying nanocapillary diameters and zeta potentials.

    • Main Results:

    • NCAMs exhibit a positive zeta potential, creating an energy barrier for cation transport in small-diameter capillaries.
    • Proton transfer is reduced for pore diameters ≤ 50 nm and ionic strengths ≤ 50 mM.
    • Larger pore diameters or higher ionic strengths facilitate greater ionic transfer due to incomplete electric double layer overlap.

    Conclusions:

    • NCAMs can effectively gate proton transport, enabling the creation of pH gradients.
    • Understanding the influence of pore size and ionic strength is key to controlling proton flux.
    • These findings are crucial for developing advanced microfluidic systems for multidimensional chemical analysis.