Characterization of switch phenotypes in Candida albicans biofilms

The aim of this study was to characterize switch phenotypes in Candida albicans biofilms. Cells of Candida albicans 192887g biofilms (24 h) were resuspended and these together with their planktonic counterparts were separately inoculated on Lee's medium agar supplemented with arginine and zinc, at 25 degrees C for 9 days, for colony formation. The different switch phenotypes, as reflected by varying colony morphologies, were then examined for their (i) stability under various growth conditions, (ii) carbohydrate assimilation profiles, (iii) susceptibility to the polyene antifungal, nystatin, (iv) adhering and biofilm-forming ability, (v) filamentation, and (vi) growth rate in yeast nitrogen base medium supplemented with 100 mM glucose. Our data showed that the frequency of phenotypic switching in C. albicans biofilms was approximately 1%. Compared with the planktonic yeasts, cells derived from candidal biofilms generated one of the phenotypes less frequently (Chi-square-tests: P = 0.017). The five phenotypes derived from the biofilm growth demonstrated differing profiles for carbohydrate assimilation, adhesion, biofilm formation, filamentation, and growth rate. These findings reported here, for the first time, imply that phenotypic switching in the candidal biofilms differs from that in the planktonic growth, and affects multiple biological attributes.