Treatment of infantile choriocarcinoma of the liver

Primary choriocarcinoma of the liver is an extremely rare childhood malignancy frequently associated with clinical instability at initial presentation. It often mimics other benign and malignant childhood liver tumors. Prompt diagnosis and initiation of treatment are necessary to attain a successful outcome. We describe a critically ill infant with metastatic choriocarcinoma whose diagnosis was based on radiographic and tumor marker findings, without an initial biopsy, and her successful management with neo-adjuvant chemotherapy and delayed surgery. She is currently in continuous remission 24 months from diagnosis.