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Related Experiment Videos

Functional xylem in the post-veraison grape berry.

Bhaskar R Bondada1, Mark A Matthews, Kenneth A Shackel

  • 1University of California, Department of Viticulture and Enology, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.

Journal of Experimental Botany
|October 7, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Grape berry xylem remains functional post-veraison, contrary to prior beliefs. Water movement is driven by hydrostatic gradients, not xylem blockage, impacting fruit development and water budgets.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Physiology
  • Fruit Development
  • Vascular Biology

Background:

  • Studies indicate a shift from xylem to phloem water flow in developing fleshy fruits.
  • The prevailing hypothesis suggests xylem (tracheid) non-functionality post-veraison in grape berries due to growth.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To re-evaluate xylem functionality in grape berries (Vitis vinifera L.) from pre- to post-veraison.
  • To investigate the driving forces behind water movement in grape berries.

Main Methods:

  • Adapted pressure plate/pressure membrane apparatus to create a hydrostatic gradient.
  • Applied apoplastic tracer dye (basic fuchsin) to assess xylem movement under controlled conditions.

Main Results:

Related Experiment Videos

  • Apoplastic dye moved through the pedicel and berry xylem when a hydrostatic gradient was applied.
  • Dye movement was observed when the stylar end was in contact with a wicking material.
  • Berries hydrated when pedicels were in water, irrespective of veraison stage.

    • Conclusions:

    • The absence of dye movement in post-veraison berries is likely due to a lack of hydrostatic gradient, not loss of xylem function.
    • Changes in solute partitioning between fruit symplast and apoplast at veraison may explain reduced xylem flow.
    • Diurnal solute partitioning patterns could account for minimal xylem contribution to fruit water budgets.