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Cardiovascular involvement in Kawasaki disease

S Noel Narayanan1, M Zulfikar Ahamed, M Safia

  • 1Department of Pediatrics and Cardiology, SAT Hospital, Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram 695 011, India. noeln@asianetindia.com

Indian Pediatrics
|October 7, 2005
PubMed

Insights

Early treatment with IV gammaglobulin for Kawasaki disease prevents coronary artery issues. Prompt treatment in children with Kawasaki disease significantly reduces the risk of developing long-term cardiac complications like coronary artery disease.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Cardiology
  • Rheumatology

Background:

  • Kawasaki disease is a significant cause of acquired heart disease in children.
  • Cardiac involvement, including pancarditis and coronary artery abnormalities, is a major concern.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate cardiac involvement in children with Kawasaki disease.
  • To assess the long-term outcomes of coronary artery disease in affected children.
  • To determine the efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in preventing cardiac complications.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 72 patients diagnosed with Kawasaki disease over a 7-year period.
  • Cardiac assessment including echocardiography to detect pancarditis and coronary artery abnormalities.
  • Follow-up evaluation of coronary artery status and treatment outcomes.

Main Results:

  • 28% of patients experienced mild pancarditis, which resolved.
  • 18.5% developed coronary artery disease; 10 cases resolved within 1-2 years, while 3 had persistent dilatation/aneurysm.
  • Children receiving IV gammaglobulin within 10 days of illness onset showed no coronary artery disease during follow-up.

Conclusions:

  • Early administration of IV gammaglobulin is crucial for preventing coronary artery disease in Kawasaki disease.
  • Prompt treatment significantly reduces the incidence and severity of cardiac complications.
  • Long-term surveillance is important for children with persistent coronary artery abnormalities.

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