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Malignancy in renal recipients.

M Samhan1, M Al-Mousawi, F Donia

  • 1Hamed Al-Essa Organ Transplantation Centre, Hawally, Kuwait.

Transplantation Proceedings
|October 11, 2005
PubMed
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Cancer risk is elevated in kidney transplant recipients. This study found post-transplant lymphoma and Kaposi's sarcoma to be the most common malignancies, with a concerningly low survival rate for affected patients.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Oncology
  • Transplant Surgery

Background:

  • Organ transplant recipients, particularly kidney transplant patients, face a higher risk of developing cancer compared to the general population.
  • Excluding skin cancers, the usual incidence of malignancy in transplant recipients ranges from 4% to 7%.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the incidence, histopathological types, and outcomes of malignancy in kidney transplant recipients in Kuwait.
  • To analyze the clinical presentation and timing of post-transplant cancers.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective review of medical records for 1171 kidney transplant recipients (1972-2004).
  • Grafts were sourced from living (968) and deceased (203) donors.
  • Data collected included cancer incidence, histopathology, clinical presentation, and patient outcomes.

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Main Results:

  • 4.8% (51 recipients) were diagnosed with malignancy, with post-transplantation lymphoma and Kaposi's sarcoma being the most frequent types.
  • Malignancy occurred 4 to 288 months post-transplant, presenting earlier in female recipients and those receiving deceased donor grafts.
  • Survival rates for recipients with malignancy were less than 40%.

Conclusions:

  • Kidney transplant recipients in Kuwait exhibit a significant incidence of post-transplant malignancies, primarily lymphoma and Kaposi's sarcoma.
  • Early detection and management strategies are crucial given the poor survival outcomes.
  • Further research into risk factors and preventative measures is warranted.