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T for two: when helpers need help

Maurizio Zanetti1

  • 1The Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Medicine and Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0837, USA. mzanetti@ucsd.edu

Autoimmunity Reviews
|October 11, 2005
PubMed

This article discusses forms of cell cooperation involving CD4 T cells and their impact on adaptive immunity. In particular, evidence will be presented in favor of cooperation among CD4 T cells of different specificity, its molecular basis and functional significance. Th-Th cooperation, or help for helpers, will be discussed in relation to the induction of anti-tumor responses and, in converse, the generation of autoimmunity. A model is proposed where Th-Th cooperation may represent the structure/function substrate for the control of self/non-self discrimination and peripheral tolerance in vivo.

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