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Dracunculiasis eradication: the final inch.

Donald R Hopkins1, Ernesto Ruiz-Tiben, Philip Downs

  • 1The Carter Center, Atlanta, Georgia 30307, USA. sdsulli@emory.edu

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
|October 14, 2005
PubMed
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The Dracunculiasis Eradication Program is nearing completion, with transmission interrupted in nine countries and significant case reductions globally. Eradicating Guinea worm disease is achievable by 2009, with recent progress in Sudan.

Area of Science:

  • Global Health
  • Infectious Disease Control
  • Parasitology

Background:

  • Dracunculiasis, or Guinea worm disease, was endemic in 20 countries at the program's inception.
  • Significant progress has been made, with Asia now free of Guinea worm.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the status of the Dracunculiasis Eradication Program as of early 2005.
  • To assess the progress towards global eradication of Guinea worm disease.

Main Methods:

  • The report synthesizes data from endemic countries on Guinea worm case numbers and transmission status.
  • Analysis includes comparing case data from 2004 to the first quarter of 2005.

Main Results:

  • Nine of the initial 20 endemic countries have interrupted Guinea worm transmission.

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  • In 2004, 16,026 cases were reported, with Ghana and Sudan accounting for 45%.
  • Excluding Sudan, remaining endemic countries saw a 61% reduction in cases in Q1 2005 compared to Q1 2004.

    • Conclusions:

    • The global eradication of dracunculiasis is within reach, with a target of 2009 for Sudan and earlier for other nations.
    • Continued commitment and resources, including a grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, are crucial for final eradication.
    • The program's success highlights the importance of sustained effort in the final stages of disease elimination.