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Hemicellulose bioconversion to polyanionic heteropolysaccharides.

S W Tanenbaum1, P J Fisher, A Henwood

  • 1Department of Chemistry, SUNY Syracuse 13210.

Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology
|January 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary
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Microorganisms can convert pentosans into anionic extracellular polysaccharides (AEPS) for rheological applications. This research explores microbial bioconversion for novel polysaccharide production.

Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Microbiology
  • Polymer Science

Background:

  • Anionic polysaccharides are valuable commercial compounds traditionally sourced from plants and algae.
  • Microbial production of gums (anionic extracellular polysaccharides - AEPS) is gaining significant research interest.
  • AEPS possess diverse rheological properties crucial for various industrial applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the bioconversion of pentosans into rheologically useful anionic extracellular polysaccharides (AEPS) using microbial fermentation.
  • To identify microbial species capable of efficiently producing AEPS from pentosan-rich substrates.
  • To characterize the properties of AEPS derived from different pentosan sources.

Main Methods:

  • Screening of microbial strains (e.g., Cryptococcus laurentii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Arthrobacter viscosus, Pseudomonas ATCC 31260) for AEPS production.

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  • Utilizing various pentosan-based substrates including xylose, hemicellulose digests, and hydrolysates.
  • Purification and characterization of produced AEPS, analyzing formation parameters, composition, molecular weight distribution, and intrinsic viscosity.

    • Main Results:

    • Several microbial species demonstrated the ability to convert pentosans into AEPS.
    • AEPS were successfully produced from diverse pentosan substrates like xylose and hemicellulose hydrolysates.
    • Characterization revealed variations in molecular weight distribution and non-carbohydrate substituents when pentose replaced glucose as a substrate.

    Conclusions:

    • Microbial bioconversion offers a viable route for producing anionic extracellular polysaccharides (AEPS) from pentosans.
    • The choice of microbial strain and pentosan substrate influences AEPS characteristics, including molecular weight and substituent profiles.
    • Further research into these structure-property relationships can unlock novel rheological applications for pentosan-derived AEPS.