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Updated: Aug 15, 2026

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause
Published on: August 13, 2019
Hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women with diabetes mellitus
Abel Thijs1, Coen D A Stehouwer
1Department of General Internal Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. a.thijs@vumc.nl
Abstract:
Postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus have a high risk of cardiovascular disease. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) with estrogens with or without progestagens relieves many climacteric symptoms. Although hormone replacement in theory could have beneficial effects on cardiovascular morbidity, to date no randomized controlled clinical trial has shown positive results in this regard. There are few data with respect to diabetic postmenopausal women. There is no basis for prescription of HRT to diabetic women if the aim is to lower cardiovascular morbidity. On the other hand, there is also no reason not to prescribe HRT to diabetic women to treat climacteric symptoms.
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